The Terms We Work With, In Plain English

An AI agent is software that uses a language model to plan and carry out multi-step tasks by calling tools and APIs, rather than only answering a single prompt.

Agents work best on bounded tasks with clear success checks, such as researching a prospect or triaging a document.

AML sanctions screening is the check of customers, counterparties and transactions against government sanctions and watchlists as part of anti-money laundering controls.

The hard parts are fuzzy name matching, keeping lists current and screening at payment speed without too many false positives.

An architecture review board is a group of senior engineers who review and approve significant system designs before they are built or changed.

An ARB checks scalability, security, cost and fit with existing systems. Inople’s leadership has sat on ARBs in banking.

Bancassurance is the sale of insurance products through a bank’s channels, such as branches and banking apps.

Embedding the insurance workflow in the bank’s own software lets staff sell cover in the same conversation as a banking product.

A CPMS is the software a charge point operator uses to run its charging business, including chargers, pricing, users, billing and reporting.

The term is often used interchangeably with CSMS. In practice CPMS tends to describe the commercial layer on top of the protocol layer.

A CSMS is the backend that chargers connect to over OCPP, handling authorization, session control, telemetry and remote commands.

OCPP 2.0.1 uses the term CSMS. OCPP 1.6 calls the same component the Central System.

DebiCheck is South Africa’s authenticated debit order system, in which the consumer confirms a debit order mandate electronically with their own bank before collections start.

Because the debtor’s own bank holds proof of consent, a properly authenticated DebiCheck collection is much harder to dispute than an older EFT debit order.

Debt review is a process under South Africa’s National Credit Act in which a registered debt counsellor restructures an over-indebted consumer’s repayments across their credit providers.

Lenders’ systems need to flag accounts under debt review and apply the restructured terms correctly.

eKYC is electronic know-your-customer verification, in which a customer’s identity is checked digitally using document scans, biometrics and database lookups instead of paper and in-person checks.

Typical steps are ID document capture with OCR, a selfie or liveness check, and a match against a government or bureau record.

Intelligent document processing is the use of OCR and machine learning to classify documents and extract structured data from them, such as invoices, IDs, statements and tenders.

Plain OCR turns an image into text. IDP goes further and understands which value is the total, the date or the account number.

ISO 15118 is an international standard for communication between an electric vehicle and a charger, which enables Plug & Charge and smarter charging control.

With Plug & Charge the car identifies itself to the charger, so the driver does not need an app or an RFID card.

A loan origination system is the software that takes a loan from application through identity checks, credit assessment, approval and disbursement.

A good LOS pulls documents, bureau data and decision rules into one flow, which is where most of the time savings come from.

Model Context Protocol is an open standard, introduced by Anthropic in 2024, that defines how AI applications connect to external tools and data sources.

An MCP server exposes a system such as a CRM or database to any compatible AI agent through one consistent interface.

NEVI is a US federal program that funds public EV charging along highway corridors, administered by the Federal Highway Administration.

Stations it funds must meet the minimum standards in 23 CFR 680, including OCPP 2.0.1, OCPI 2.2.1, ISO 15118 readiness and average port uptime above 97%.

OCPI is an open protocol that lets charge point operators and e-mobility service providers exchange charger locations, sessions and billing data so drivers can roam between networks.

OCPP connects chargers to an operator’s backend. OCPI connects that backend to other networks and apps.

OCPP is an open communication protocol between electric vehicle chargers and the central software that manages them, maintained by the Open Charge Alliance.

Versions 1.6 and 2.0.1 are the most widely deployed, and OCPP 2.1 followed in 2025. Because it is open, operators can mix charger brands under one backend.

OCPP 2.0.1 is the 2020 version of the Open Charge Point Protocol, approved as international standard IEC 63584 in 2024.

It is not compatible with OCPP 1.6. It adds security profiles, a device model, ISO 15118 support and richer smart charging. OCPP 2.1 (2025) builds on it.

PayShap is South Africa’s real-time payment service for low-value payments, which lets people pay using an identifier such as a phone number instead of full bank details.

It is run through South Africa’s banks and is opening up to fintechs and retailers.

POPIA is the Protection of Personal Information Act, South Africa’s data protection law, enforced by the Information Regulator.

It sets conditions for lawful processing of personal information, and fines can reach R10 million.

The Public Charge Point Regulations 2023 are UK rules for public EV charging covering reliability, open data, contactless payment, roaming, pricing and a 24/7 helpline.

Rapid networks must average 99% reliability over the calendar year. The Office for Product Safety and Standards enforces the rules, with civil penalties of up to £10,000 per breach.

Retrieval-augmented generation is a technique in which an AI model first retrieves relevant passages from your own documents and then uses them to write its answer.

It lets a model answer questions about large or private document sets and point to the source it used.